With the orange gene on the X chromosome, a male's single X only needs the orange version to produce a ginger cat, requiring just one genetic hit.

Females need orange on both Xs for a fully orange coat; one copy yields tortoiseshell or calico instead, making orange females statistically rarer.

Population counts consistently show a male majority among orange cats, often cited around three to one, varying with population and methodology.

The chubby-orange stereotype likely reflects the high share of neutered males and internet amplification; a direct color-to-obesity causal link is unproven.