Start with a visual check: cuts or foreign bodies in the pads, broken or ingrown nails, and swelling between toes; superficial issues cause a large share of limps.
Then read the pattern: refusing to bear weight suggests acute injury, while on-off lameness or stiffness after rest leans toward chronic joint disease, common in seniors.
Palpate gently and stop early, since painful cats may bite; if you cannot localize it or see swelling or deformity, restrict activity and get imaging promptly.
After a high fall, get checked even without visible wounds, as chest and internal injuries can surface late; never self-treat with human painkillers.
